Background: Immune-based approaches in colorectal cancer have been unsuccessful with the exception
of immune checkpoint inhibition in microsatellite unstable disease. This may relate
to advanced colorectal cancer being less immunogenic than other tumors, as evidenced
by the lack of infiltrating lymphocytes. JX-594 (Pexa-Vec®) is a thymidine kinase
gene-inactivated oncolytic vaccinia virus engineered for the expression of transgenes
encoding human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor and β-galactosidase.
JX-594 has direct oncolytic activity and mediates tumor cell death via the induction
of innate and adaptive immune responses. This study aims to enhance the anti-tumor
immunity induced by JX-594 oncolytic viral therapy by administering the vaccine with
immune checkpoint inhibition; the combination of tremelimumab (CTLA-4 antibody) and
durvalumab (PD-L1 antibody). The primary objective was to establish the safety and
tolerability of the treatment and the secondary objective to explore progression free
survival.
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© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
