Background: Immunotherapy has provided promising results in the treatment of breast cancer but
there is a high variability in response between different subtypes. Triple-negative
breast tumors have a high number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and give
good response to immunotherapy. On the contrast, hormone receptor positive breast
tumors attract less immune cells and are less sensitive to immunotherapy. Based on
the immune attractive phenotype these tumors are referred as “hot” and “cold” tumors.
Independently from the breast cancer subtype, the patients typically develop bone
metastases in high frequency. Bone metastases are incurable and novel immunotherapies
hold the potential to treat patients with bone metastatic disease. Up to recent years,
preclinical validation of efficacy of immunomodulators has been limited to the use
of syngeneic models. To shorten the cap in clinical translation, humanized mouse models
with functional human immune system have been developed. The aim of this study was
to establish two different preclinical breast cancer models in humanized mice to be
used in the preclinical evaluation of new immunotherapies in bone metastatic setting.
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© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
