Background: The interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in
the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for local tumor progression and metastasis.
CAFs make up the majority of the cell population in the TME and can effectively inhibit
an immune response by acting as both a physical barrier and immunosuppressive agent.
In this report, we developed a novel immune-based approach to treat a solid tumor
through the use of melanoma-specific high-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes (HACTL)
and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to target melanoma cells and CAFs.
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© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
