The advent of immuno-oncology (IO) drugs profoundly changes our understanding of cancer
biology as well as the management of patients at bedside. This is especially true
for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma or bladder cancer, for which these drugs already
demonstrated substantial improvements in the patients' outcome. Beyond these indications,
objective tumour responses have been reported in more than 20 different cancer types
in early phase trials. The common feature across cancer types is the durability of
tumour responses, and the high level of disease control rate which, together, contribute
to benefits in patients' outcome such as overall survival as opposed to conventional
second line cancer therapies. These features are fuelling-up the development of IO
combinations exploring the value of dual immune checkpoint targeting, or approaches
revisiting the immune effects of conventional cytotoxics or targeted therapies such
as Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK) or vascular endothelial growth factor
inhibitors. As a result, there is an unprecedented number of trials testing IO agents,
vaccines or oncolytic viruses currently registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database
(n = 2833 open studies, February 2017 search).
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 04, 2017
Accepted:
February 18,
2017
Received:
February 17,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
