Abstract
A new paradigm is becoming widely accepted, that chronic inflammation, driven in part
by chemokines and cytokines at the site of a tumour, may facilitate tumour progression
instead of promoting anti-tumour immunity. Tumours and activated stromal cells secrete
pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that act either directly or indirectly through
stimulation of the vascular endothelium to recruit leukocytes to the tumour. After
activation, these tumour-associated leukocytes release angiogenic factors, mitogens,
proteolytic enzymes, and chemotactic factors, recruiting more inflammatory cells and
stimulating angiogenesis to sustain tumour growth and facilitate tumour metastasis.
Breaking this cycle by inhibiting targets such as cytokines, chemokines and other
inflammatory mediators, either alone, or more realistically, in combination with other
therapies, such as anti-angiogenic or cytotoxic agents, may provide highly efficacious
therapeutic regimens for the treatment of malignancies. This article reviews anti-cytokine
and anti-chemokine therapies being pursued in cancer, and discusses in more detail
anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) approaches.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
January 11,
2006
Received:
January 11,
2006
Identification
Copyright
© 2006 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
