Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) comprises a family of closely related genes; the two major agonistic
proteins, IL-1α and IL-1β, are pleiotropic and affect mainly inflammation, immunity
and haemopoiesis. IL-1β is active solely in its secreted form, whereas IL-1α is active
mainly as an intracellular precursor. IL-1 is abundant at tumour sites, where it may
affect the process of carcinogenesis, tumour growth and invasiveness and the patterns
of tumour–host interactions. Here, we review the effects of micro-environment- and
tumour cell-derived IL-1 on malignant processes in experimental tumour models. We
propose that membrane-associated IL-1α expressed on malignant cells stimulates anti-tumour
immunity, while secretable IL-1β derived from the micro-environment or the malignant
cells, activates inflammation that promotes invasiveness and induces tumour-mediated
suppression. Inhibition of the function of IL-1 by the inhibitor of IL-1, interleukin-1
receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), reduces tumour invasiveness and alleviates tumour-mediated
suppression, pointing to its feasible use in cancer therapy. Differential manipulation
of IL-1α and IL-1β in malignant cells or in the tumour’s micro-environment may open
new possibilities for using IL-1 in cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
January 16,
2006
Received:
January 16,
2006
Identification
Copyright
© 2006 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
